Chondroitin Sulfate:
The other building block of cartilage, Chondroitin, may reduce joint pain by maintaining cartilage between joints. This chemical is found naturally within the body between joints, and studies have shown that it may prevent the breakdown of cartilage while also encouraging repair mechanisms.
Glucosamine Sulfate:
Manufactured by the human body and found in body tissue, Glucosamine creates a "cushion" that envelops and protects joints. In conditions such as osteoarthritis, this protective barrier becomes thinner and stiff. Taking glucosamine hydrochloride as a supplement might help to supply the materials needed to rebuild the buffer.
Some researchers believe that glucosamine hydrochloride may not possess the same efficacy as glucosamine sulfate. It is thought that the "sulfate" portion of glucosamine sulfate is an essential factor because the body requires sulfate to produce cartilage.
Hyaluronic Acid:
Hyaluronic Acid's primary mechanic acts as a buffer and lubricant in both joints and tissues throughout the body. As a glycosaminoglycan, Hyaluronic Acid uses polysaccharides to help support the connective tissues of the body. The disaccharide polymer can bind up to 1000 times its weight in water, allowing it to act as a humectant. This mechanic allows Hyaluronic Acid to hold water molecules onto the skin's surface, which keeps it hydrated.
Vitamin D3:
Vitamin D3, found in some animal foods like fish and egg yolks, is a fat-soluble vitamin that increases vitamin D levels in the blood. For Vitamin D to be active in the body, it must undergo two necessary changes. The first change is a conversion into calcidiol, which occurs in the liver where it is stored. The second change is converting from calcidiol to calcitriol, where the vitamin's storage then occurs in the kidneys. The second conversion process is arguably the most important as calcitriol engages with vitamin D receptors found nearly in every human body cell.
Collagen Type 2:
Collagen is a naturally occurring protein found within the body responsible for aiding in the construction of bones, skin, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Type 2 collagen is found most commonly in elastic cartilages that are responsible for cushioning joints.
Palmitoylethanolamide:
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is part of the N-acylethanolamine family and is synthesized and metabolized in cells through several enzymes and provides many physiological functions related to metabolic homeostasis[1]. N-acylethanolamines are endogenous biologically active lipids.
Supplementing with PEA may help in the regulation of the body's natural pain management system. PEA's anti-inflammatory properties allow for a reduction of central and peripheral sensitization mediated by neuronal and nonneuronal cells.
Turmeric:
Curcumin is the primary active ingredient in turmeric and is also a powerful antioxidant. Uses for Turmeric span as far back as thousands of years where the root has been used in ayurvedic medicine. Most famous for its anti-inflammatory properties, turmeric can be found in many supplements and cuisine.
Boswellia Serrata Extract:
Boswellia Serrata contains active boswellic acids, which may be a novel inhibitory of the pro-inflammatory enzyme 5-Lipoxygenase. Studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of Boswellia for various inflammatory conditions have been conducted and shown to be promising for reducing inflammation and reducing pain associated with inflammation.
